Bowel
Surveillance of patients with serrated polyposis syndrome:
Risk stratification based on polyp burden significantly reduced the colonoscopy burden in a prospective 5-year international cohort study.
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in patients with preexisting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD):
Preexisting IBDincreases the risk of severe gastrointestinal adverse events in patients treated with checkpoint inhibitors.
Subcutaneous vedolizumab for patients with ulcerative colitis:
Subcutaneous and intravenous vedolizumab formulations are equally effective as maintenance therapy in patients with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis who had clinical response to intravenous vedolizumab induction therapy.
Liver
Band ligation of esophageal varices:
Post-banding ulcer bleeding is an uncommon but severe complication of esophageal banding. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, poor liver function and a low beta-blocker dose have higher risk of post-banding ulcer bleeding. Active bleeding at endoscopy is associated with high mortality, thus aggressive treatment should be considered.
Hepatitis C virus (HCV):
A current phase 3b trial demonstrates that in treatment-naive patients with compensated cirrhosis, glecaprevir/pibrentasvir for 8 weeks leads to high sustained virological response rates, independent of HCV genotype.
Autoimmune hepatitis:
Almost 20% of patients with autoimmune hepatitis older than 50 years have osteoporosis. Older age, duration of corticosteroid use, low body mass index, and liver fibrosis are independent risk factors for bone loss.
Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum
Stress ulcer prophylaxis among ICU patients receiving invasive mechanical ventilation:
In a randomized trial comprising 26,771 patients, stress ulcer prophylaxes with proton-pump inhibitors or histamine-2 receptor blockers was associated with comparable rates of hospital mortality, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, infections with Clostridioides difficile and ICU/hospital length of stay.
Circulating tumor DNA for detection of residual disease and tumor progression of esophageal cancer:
Cell-free DNA in blood samples from patients who underwent chemoradiotherapy is associated with tumor progression, metastasis and disease-specific survival and may be used to identify patients at high risk for tumor progression.
Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric cancer risk:
A retrospective study of 371.813 American veterans indicates that the risk to develop gastric cancer within 20 years following the diagnosis of H. pylori infection is well below 1%. Racial and ethnic minorities as well as smokers have an increased tumor risk which can be reduced by successful eradication therapy.
Pancreas
Therapy algorithms for chronic pancreatitis:
Results of a randomized trial indicate that early surgery compared with an endoscopy-first approach results in lower pain intensity over 18 months.
Current Falk literature
Download: Ultrasound of the Liver. Malignant Liver Lesions
Ultrasound of the Liver. Malignant Liver Lesions Author: D.-A. Clevert (93 pages) U42-2e
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