Bowel
Etrolizumab versus Infliximab for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis:
The β7 integrin antibody etrolizumab was not superior to infliximab in a head-to-head phase 3 trial, but performed similarly from a clinical point of view.
Lyophilized oral fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for ulcerative colitis:
Antibiotics followed by orally administered FMT was associated with induction of remission in a pilot trial. It was also effective to mediate remission in a small explorative cohort.
Antibiotic use and risk of anti-drug antibody (ADA) formation in inflammatory bowel disease:
ADA production was increased in patients treated with cephalosporins or penicillins plus beta-lactamase inhibitors, but decreased following macrolides or fluorchinolones in an Israelian patient cohort.
Liver
Updated efficacy and safety data of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab versus sorafenib in unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma:
Even after an additional 12-months follow-up of the IMbrave150 study, atezolizumab plus bevacizumab maintained clinically meaningful survival benefits over sorafenib. After a median 15.6 (range, 0–28.6) months of follow-up, the median overall survival was 19.2 months (95% confidence interval : 17.0–23.7) with atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and 13.4 months (95% CI: 11.4–16.9) with sorafenib (hazard ratio = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.52–0.85; descriptive p < 0.001).
International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group proposes criteria for response to therapy in autoimmune hepatitis:
A consensus process initiated by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) proposes the following criteria: Complete biochemical response: normalization of serum transaminases and immunoglobulin G (IgG) below the upper limit of normal at 6 months after initiation of treatment.Insufficient response by 6 months: failure to meet the above definition.Non-response: < 50% decrease of serum transaminases within 4 weeks after initiation of treatment.Remission: liver histology with a Hepatitis Activity Index < 4/18.Intolerance to treatment: any adverse event possibly related to treatment leading to potential drug discontinuation.
Functional cure after nucleos(t)ide analogue withdrawal in chronic hepatitis B:
The best candidates for nucleos(t)ide analogue withdrawal are virally suppressed, HBeAg-negative, non-cirrhotic patients with low HBsAg levels, particularly Whites with < 1000 IU/ml and Asians with < 100 IU/ml. However, strict surveillance is recommended to prevent deterioration.
Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum
Topical steroid suspension to treat eosinophilic esophagitis:
Budesonide oral suspension (2 mg twice daily) was superior to placebo in improving histologic, symptomatic and endoscopic outcomes over 12 weeks in a randomized phase 3 trial involving 318 patients.
Impact of Helicobacter pylori infection on the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies:
A translationalstudy revealed that H. pylori infection negatively affects the response to cancer immunotherapies and suggests that H. pylori serology may be a powerful tool to personalize cancer immunotherapies.
Pancreas
Impact of a metabolic syndrome on the risk to develop pancreatic cancer:
Recovery from metabolic syndrome was associated with a reduced risk to develop pancreatic cancer in a nationwide cohort study from Korea.
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